Articles about hardware design, simulation, and the tools we're building.
How one generic call lets a callback know the types of the keys next to it. It's what Zod and tRPC do, and two parts of it are genuinely fiddly to get right.
A complete Pong game built from logic gates, registers, and memory — two paddles, a bouncing ball, and a 14-phase rendering pipeline, all without a CPU.
A complete Snake game built entirely from logic gates, registers, and memory — no CPU, no software, just digital circuits.
From NAND gates to a working processor — fetch, decode, execute, all built from logic gates you can click.
Inside Google's Tensor Processing Units: a 2x2 systolic array built from logic gates. Watch matrix multiplication happen one clock cycle at a time.
How calculators and GPUs compute sine and cosine using only bit shifts and addition — the CORDIC algorithm, built from logic gates.
A fixed wiring of comparators that sorts any input in the same number of steps — no branches, no loops. The algorithm behind network switch fabrics, GPU sort, and median filters.
Packet buffering, MAC address lookup, and forwarding — built from the same primitives as everything else.
A classic brick-breaking game built entirely from logic gates — ball physics, paddle control, brick collision detection, and score tracking, all without a CPU.
Why Intel built AES into the CPU. SubBytes, XTime, and MixColumns — the operations behind the world's most deployed cipher, verified against FIPS 197.
The TLS cipher that encrypts most of the internet, built from logic gates. Explore the ADD-XOR-ROTATE quarter-round with live interactive circuits.
The checksum at the end of every Ethernet frame and ZIP file — a 32-bit shift register with XOR feedback, running in the NIC on your machine right now.
A 5-stage pipelined RISC-V processor with data forwarding and hazard detection — write C, compile it, and step through execution cycle by cycle.